Electric Cars: The Basics
For those of you new to zero-emission electric driving, we recommend a read of the following articles:
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The All-Electric Polestar 3 SUV
Polestar is a high performance Swedish automotive brand established by Volvo in 1996. The Volvo Group has a long history of success and was established in 1927. Since then the company has had multiple owners, to include the US based, Ford Motor Company. Its current owner is a Chinese automotive behemoth, Geely Automobile, which acquired Volvo Cars in 2010. Geely also owns the automotive brands Lotus Cars and Polestar.
Volvo Cars was one of the first mainstream OEM’s to commit to a push towards zero-emission road transportation. In 2017, the company announced its intention to ‘electrify every car in our range’. Volvo is not new to ‘electric propulsion’ and has already deployed a test fleet of battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) in 2010 and had launched the first plug-in hybrid diesel cars in 2012.
The automotive manufacturer has an ambition to achieve 50% sales from pure electric cars and the remaining 50% from plug-in hybrid electric cars by 2025. The company is also committed to becoming ‘climate neutral’ across the value chain by 2040. The company’s portfolio of battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) include:
- The all-electric Polestar 2
- The all-electric Polestar 3
The Polestar 3 is a defining moment in the history of the automotive brand. The Polestar 3 is the first pure electric SUV from Polestar and also the first Polestar EV to use the SPA2 (Scalable Product Architecture) platform used by parent group, Volvo.
The Polestar 3 is now available in select international markets, with deliveries expected to commence in fourth quarter 2023. The all-electric Polestar 3 competes in an already fierce segment of pure electric premium SUVs. However, the Polestar 3 has much to offer those seeking a premium e-SUV.
The Polestar 3 is available in one EV battery size: 111 kWh and in two variants: Long Range Dual Motor and Long Range Dual Motor: Performance Pack. The automotive manufacturer claims a zero-emission electric range up to 610 km (WLTP) for the entry-level Long Range Dual Motor and up to 560 km (WLTP) for the Performance Pack variant.
Even adjusting for real-world driving i.e. weather, temperature, road conditions, driving profile, load, speed, tyre size etc, the Polestar 3 offers excellent pure electric range for short and long distance driving. For the Long Range Dual Motor, expect a real-world range closer to 525 km and for the Performance Pack, a 485 km EV range. Both variants offer a class-leading practical electric range.
For longer motorway driving trips, the Polestar 3 electric SUV offers DC charging capability up to 250 kW. Despite the limited availability of 250 kW ultra-rapid DC charging infrastructure, it is indeed good to note that Polestar has offered this capability as standard. A prudent future proof strategy! The Polestar EV can be charged 10%-80% in 30 minutes.
The Polestar 3 EV offers a 3-phase 11 kW AC onboard charger as standard. However, given that the majority of homes have single-phase power supply in India, taking advantage of the 11 kW onboard charger will be only for those with access to three-phase EV charging at home, work or at a public destination.
At 11 kW, the EV battery can be fully charged in 11 hours. Single-phase EV charging will take longer. We at e-zoomed recommend charging overnight at home, when the electricity tariff rates are cheaper.
The Polestar family electric SUV is available as an all-wheel drive (AWD), as standard. The Long Range Dual Motor variant can achieve 0-100 km/h in 4.9 seconds (max power: 483 bhp/ 840 Nm torque). The top of the range, Long Range Dual Motor: Performance Pack can achieve 0-100 km/h in 4.6 seconds (max power: 510 bhp/ 910 Nm torque). The top speed is 210 km/h.
In terms of technology and features, the EV has much to offer either as standard or an option upgrade pack. These include: 9” driver display, 14.5” centre display, Head-Up-Display (HUD), ADAS: advanced driver assistance systems, regenerative stability control, night-time collision warning, intelligent speed assist, rear collision warning and mitigation, blind spot information and more.
In terms of practicality, the EV offers up to 484 L boot space and a 32 L frunk (front storage compartment). As for exterior styling, the Polestar 3 is sporty and stunning! Bottom-line, electric driving is good for the environment and the wallet!
The electric car is not available in India.
PROS | CONS |
---|---|
Class-leading electric range | Expensive |
250 kW DC charging and 11 kW AC onboard charger as standard | Available in only one EV battery option |
Striking exterior styling | Not available as a seven-seater |
The All-Electric Polestar 3 SUV (credit: Polestar)
At A Glance | |
---|---|
EV Type: | Battery-Electric Vehicle (BEV) |
Body Type: | SUV |
Engine: | Electric |
Available In India: | No |
Variants (1 Option) |
---|
Polestar 3 (from ₹ N/A) |
EV Battery & Emissions | |
---|---|
EV Battery Type: | Lithium-ion |
EV Battery Capacity: | Available in one battery size: 111 kWh |
Charging: | 250 kW DC Rapid Charging (10%-80%: 30 mins). Onboard charger: 11 kW AC (0%-100%: 11 hrs) |
Charge Port: | Type 2 |
EV Cable Type: | Type 2 |
Tailpipe Emissions: | 0g (CO2/km) |
Battery Warranty: | 8 years or 160,000 km |
Charging Times (Overview) | |
---|---|
Slow charging AC (3 kW – 3.6 kW): | 6 – 12 hours (dependent on size of EV battery & SOC) |
Fast charging AC (7 kW – 22 kW): | 3 – 8 hours (dependent on size of EV battery & SoC) |
Rapid charging AC (43 kW): | 0-80%: 20 mins to 60 mins (dependent on size of EV battery & SoC) |
Rapid charging DC (50 kW+): | 0-80%: 20 mins to 60 mins (dependent on size of EV battery & SoC) |
Ultra rapid charging DC (150 kW+): | 0-80% : 20 mins to 40 mins (dependent on size of EV battery & SoC) |
Tesla Supercharger (120 kW – 250 kW): | 0-80%: up to 25 mins (dependent on size of EV battery & SoC) |
- Note 1: SoC: state of charge
Dimensions | |
---|---|
Height (mm): | 1614 |
Width (mm): | 2120 |
Length (mm): | 4900 |
Wheelbase (mm): | 2985 |
Turning Circle (m): | 11.8 |
Boot Space (L): | 484 |
Long Range Dual Motor | |
---|---|
EV Battery Capacity: | 111 kWh |
Pure Electric Range (WLTP): | 610 km |
Electric Energy Consumption (Wh/km): | N/A |
Charging: | 250 kW DC Rapid Charging (10%-80%: 30 mins). Onboard charger: 11 kW AC (0%-100%: 11 hrs) |
Top Speed: | 210 km/h |
0-100 km/h: | 4.9 seconds |
Drive: | All-wheel drive (AWD) |
Electric Motor (kW): | 360 |
Horsepower (bhp): | 483 |
Torque (Nm): | 840 |
Transmission: | Automatic |
Seats: | 5 |
Doors: | 5 |
Unladen Weight (kg): | N/A |
Colours: | 6 |
NCAP Safety Rating: | N/A |
Long Range Dual Motor Performance Pack | |
---|---|
EV Battery Capacity: | 111 kWh |
Pure Electric Range (WLTP): | 560 km |
Electric Energy Consumption (Wh/km): | N/A |
Charging: | 250 kW DC Rapid Charging (10%-80%: 30 mins). Onboard charger: 11 kW AC (0%-100%: 11 hrs) |
Top Speed: | 210 km/h |
0-100 km/h: | 4.6 seconds |
Drive: | All-wheel drive (AWD) |
Electric Motor (kW): | 380 |
Horsepower (hp): | 510 |
Torque (Nm): | 910 |
Transmission: | Automatic |
Seats: | 5 |
Doors: | 5 |
Unladen Weight (kg): | N/A |
Colours: | 6 |
NCAP Safety Rating: | N/A |
Charging An Electric Car: An Introduction
Just as refuelling a conventional car is a key part of driving a petrol or diesel vehicle, charging an EV, is a key element in driving an electric car. For those new to electric driving, EV charging may seem daunting, however, in reality, charging an electric car, like the all-electric Jaguar I-PACE, is relatively straightforward, and in many way, as simple as charging a smartphone!
Broadly, there are two ways to charge an electric car: AC EV charging or DC EV charging. In general, home EV charging is AC EV charging, and public charging stations are DC fast charging. Of course, some public charging stations are also AC EV charging.
All the power supplied by the grid is AC power (Alternating Current). These include, residential dwellings, office buildings, factories etc. However, all the energy stored in an EV battery has to be converted to DC (Direct Current). In the case of AC electric car charging, the conversion from AC to DC takes place within the electric vehicle (EV) via a converter, more often referred to as an onboard AC charger.
Both, battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), incorporate an onboard AC charger. Most PHEVs incorporate a single-phase AC charger, while BEVs incorporate, either a single-phase or three-phase onboard charger. As an example, the pure electric BMW i7 saloon, incorporates a 3-phase (11 kW) AC onboard charger. While the Jaguar E-PACE Plug-In Hybrid SUV incorporates a single-phase (7 kW) AC onboard charger.
Of course, a 3-phase onboard AC charger, will charge at faster charging speeds. Most home electric car chargers in India will be single-phase (7 kW), as the power supplied to homes in India is single-phase. However, commercial and office buildings usually offer 3-phase electric car AC chargers (11 kW – 22 kW), as commercial buildings are powered by three-phase power supply.
Apart from the above, also developing in India is the fast/ rapid DC EV charging infrastructure. DC EV chargers offer significantly faster charging speeds, compared to AC charging. The reason this is possible, is because, DC chargers ‘convert’ AC to DC within the DC EV charger, and therefore are not limited by the onboard AC charger incorporated in an electric vehicle (EV). DC charging usually varies between 50 kW DC to 250 kW DC. However, also under development are 350 kW DC chargers.
In general, most EVs that offer DC charging capability, can be charged between 10% – 80% within 30 minutes. In sharp contrast, single-phase AC EV chargers usually take between 7 – 12 hours to charge an electric car. Three-phase EV charging is faster, and usually between 4 to 7 hours. Yes, an electric car can be charged via a standard household domestic socket. It usually take between 25 to 30 hours to charge an EV. We at e-zoomed discourage the use of a domestic socket for charging an electric car. Using a smart residential EV charger, is both, faster and safer, for charging an EV.
AC EV Charging | DC EV Charging |
---|---|
More common in residential dwellings, but also used for non-residential buildings (offices etc) | Mostly used for public charging destinations |
Slower charging speeds (3 kW – 43 kW) | Faster charging speeds (50 kW DC – 350 kW DC) |
AC power is converted to DC within the electric vehicle via an onboard converter | AC power is converted to DC power within the DC EV charger |
Lower acquisition and maintenance costs | Higher acquisition and maintenance costs |
Lower charging costs | Higher charging costs |
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